
Valuation Concepts
A negative book value makes a price-to-book ratio harder to use
A negative book value changes what a price-to-book figure can mean. Check the denominator before sorting stocks by an apparently cheap ratio.

A negative book value changes what a price-to-book figure can mean. Check the denominator before sorting stocks by an apparently cheap ratio.

Investigate a blank or unavailable P/E ratio by checking earnings, calculation periods and data-provider definitions before comparing shares.

Use a fictional company to see why market capitalisation measures equity while enterprise value brings debt and cash into the comparison.